Among various metallic materials, Pt has been extensively investigated for its high activity toward glucose oxidation 13. The studies in the past few decades on electro-oxidation of sugars show that noble metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd and Au could potentially oxidize monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose and fructose 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. To overcome the drawbacks of microbial or enzymatic fuel cells, abiotic glucose fuel cells have been explored 22, 23. However, the complicated operation conditions and shortcomings of biotic catalysts have impeded their widely application 21. Recently, plenty of researches have been focused on microbial and enzymatic glucose oxidizing catalysts 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. Thus, high efficient anode is vital important and dependent on the types of DGFCs. Typically, in DGFC the electric energy is generated by electrocatalyzing complementary oxidation and reduction reactions at a couple of corresponding anode and cathode, respectively 13, 14, 15. With the features of nontoxic, non-flammable, high energy density and abundant resource of glucose, direct glucose fuel cell (DGFC) is a promising energy conversion device 9, 10, 11, 12. Therefore, studies focusing on exploring pollution-free energy production, conversion and storage devices have attracted a large number of investigators 6, 7, 8. Finding an alternative to environmentally unfriendly energy resources from fossil fuels is becoming an urgent task owing to the increasing environmental pollution and energy shortage 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
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